Background
Despite the subgroup of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (HPVOPC) being both more radiosensitive and carrying significantly improved prognosis compared to non-HPV-associated OPC, radiation therapy (RT) dose is not currently tailored to the biology of the individual patient’s tumour. Phase II data suggests FMISO-PET can be safely used to select patients with non-hypoxic HPVOPC for radical RT dose de-escalation to 30Gy with a phase III trial currently underway in the USA.
Aims
The primary outcome is to utilise FMISO-PET to select patients with non-hypoxic HPVOPC for RT dose de-escalation and demonstrate this approach is associated with high rates of pathologic complete response. Secondary outcomes include disease-free and overall survival, acute and late toxicities, patient-reported quality of life, and correlation between FMISO PET and oxygen-enhanced MRI assessments of tumour hypoxia.
Methods
This protocol is based on the ‘30 ROC’ trial from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre. Patients with cT1-2N1-2b HPVOPC or cTxN1-2b carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) (AJCC 7th edition) with dual p16 and HPV positivity will undergo surgical resection of the primary (TORS/clear margins not mandated) or EUA and core biopsies (for CUP). Pre-treatment and intra-treatment (after 2 weeks of RT) FMISO-PET will be performed. Patients with non-hypoxic tumours initially or after 2 weeks of RT will undergo RT dose de-escalation (30Gy) with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin or carboplatin/5FU). Remaining patients will receive standard of care RT (70Gy) with concurrent chemotherapy. All patients in the de-escalation arm will undergo mandatory neck dissection 4 months after completion of RT to assess pathologic response.
Results
Recruitment will commence in October 2024 at Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney. Intended sample size is 20. Preliminary results are expected in late 2025.
Conclusions
This is the first Australian trial utilising FMISO-PET to select patients with HPVOPC for radical radiation dose de-escalation.